Although his brothers were skeptical, they and their tribe helped Maui weave a net out of flax. He decided to solve the problem by taming the sun. The hero Maui often heard his brothers lamenting the lack of light during the day. The Maori people of New Zealand tell a tale about a long-ago time when the days were shorter than they are now. To distract her, the people began to dance and play music until she finally became happy again. When they returned, the sun began to weep even harder. When the sun came to see her daughter, she discovered her dead and began to weep, flooding the Earth with her tears.ĭesperate to please the sun and stop the weeping, the people of Earth made an attempt to rescue the dead daughter from the land of ghosts, but failed. The rattlesnake accidentally bit her, killing her. But while he was waiting, the sun's daughter opened her door. The rattlesnake arrived at the sun's daughter's house to wait for her arrival. The Little Men said that the sun must die, so they turned one man into a rattlesnake and another into a fearsome antlered serpent called the Uktena. The humans turned to the Little Men, who in Cherokee legend were friendly, magical spirits who dwelt in the forests. Angry at humans for their ugly expressions, the sun began using these opportunities to send down so much heat that people began to die of fever. The sun's daughter lived in the middle of sky, so every day, the sun stopped to visit her. Solar eclipses were thought to be days when Apep got the upper hand, though Ra always managed to escape.Īccording to a Cherokee legend, the sun long ago grew jealous of her brother the moon because the people of Earth always looked at her with twisted-up faces and squinted eyes, while they smiled at his gentle light. It was a treacherous journey: Apep, an evil serpent god, attempted to stop Ra by devouring him. (This boat was called Mandjet, or the "Boat of Millions of Years" - an underestimate, given that our star is actually about 4.5 billion years old.)Īt night, Ra returned to the east via the underworld, bringing light to the dead. Legend had it that every day Ra captained a boat crewed by gods across the sky. One of the most important deities in the Egyptian pantheon was Ra, the falcon-headed sun god. This apocalypse would wipe the Earth, clean to be repopulated by a pair of human survivors. Mythology foretold a huge battle called Ragnarök, in which major gods would die and the Earth would be engulfed in a massive flood. In fact, the Norse believed that one day, the sun would finally be devoured. (Sköll's brother Hati does the same to the moon at night.) Eclipses were said to be a sign that Sköll was dangerously close to catching Sol. In ancient Norse legend, the sun goddess Sol travels through the sky chased by the wolf Sköll, who intends to devour her. In actuality, Chinese astronomers seemed to understand eclipses as natural phenomena dating back at least as far as 720 B.C., with older observations scratched into bones dating back perhaps 3,000 years. The archer stalked and killed nine suns and would have snuffed out the last as well if a young boy hadn't stolen his final arrow, saving Earth from perpetual darkness.Īncient Chinese myth also holds that solar eclipses were caused by a demon or dragon devouring the sun, leading to a tradition in which people would play drums or bang pots to scare the sun-eater away. With 10 magic arrows, the story goes that Hou Yi was to discipline the irresponsible suns. Together, our results highlight a potential path to improve immunotherapy using Pygo2-targeted therapy for advanced prostate cancer.Taking pity on suffering mortals, the sun god Dijun called in the expert archer Hou Yi. Analysis of the ICB clinical data showed association between high PYGO2 level and worse outcome. In human prostate cancer samples, Pygo2 expression was inversely correlated with the infiltration of CD8 + T cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Pygo2 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell transfer, or agents inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Mechanistically, Pygo2 orchestrated a p53/Sp1/Kit/Ido1 signaling network to foster a microenvironment hostile to CTLs. Pygo2 loss augmented the activation and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and sensitized tumor cells to T cell killing. Here, using transgenic mouse models of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, we found that Pygo2 deletion decelerated tumor progression, diminished metastases, and extended survival. Recently, we identified Pygopus 2 ( PYGO2) as the driver oncogene for the amplicon at 1q21.3 in prostate cancer. Genetic alterations underlying cancer cell–intrinsic oncogenic signaling are increasingly appreciated for their role in shaping the immune landscape. The noninflamed microenvironment in prostate cancer represents a barrier to immunotherapy.
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